Cells, Organelles, and Transport
Key organelle functions, plant vs animal differences, and the three membrane transport processes.
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Questions Covered in This Set
10 cards to master
What is the cell theory?
All living things are made of cells; cells are the basic unit of structure and function; new cells come only from existing cells.
Function of the nucleus
Contains DNA and controls the cell's activities — the 'manager's office'.
Function of mitochondria
Site of aerobic respiration, releasing energy as ATP — the 'power station'.
Which three structures are found ONLY in plant cells?
Cellulose cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large permanent vacuole.
Define diffusion
Net passive movement of particles from a high to a low concentration, down the concentration gradient, until evenly spread.
Define osmosis
The passive diffusion of water across a partially permeable membrane, from a dilute solution (high water potential) to a concentrated one.
Define active transport
Movement of substances against the concentration gradient (low → high) using carrier proteins and energy (ATP) from respiration.
How do prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes (bacteria) have no nucleus — DNA loops free plus plasmids — and no mitochondria or chloroplasts; they are ~100× smaller.
What happens to an animal cell in pure water?
Water enters by osmosis and, with no cell wall, the cell swells and bursts (lysis).
What does 'turgid' mean for a plant cell?
The cell has taken in water until the cell wall pushes back, keeping leaves and stems upright.
